What is Biometric authentication

Biometric Authentication - A Brief Definition

Biometric authentication uses unique biological characteristics to verify or confirm a person's identity. Typical methods include fingerprint scanning, facial recognition, or iris scans. These procedures enable secure and efficient identification of individuals without relying on passwords or physical keys.

Biometric Characteristics and Methods

1. Fingerprint scans:
   The unique patterns on our fingertips serve for reliable identification.
2. Facial recognition:
   Through analysis of facial features, an individual code is created that identifies a person.
3. Iris scan:
   The unique pattern of the iris is used to authenticate a person.
4. Voice recognition:
   Every person has a unique voice that can be used for identification. However, there is significant potential for errors and manipulation here.

Areas of Application

Biometric authentication is used in many areas, from securing smartphones to access control in companies. It plays an increasingly important role, especially in IT security.

How Does Biometric Authentication Work?

Biometric authentication begins with capturing a biometric characteristic, such as through a fingerprint scanner. This characteristic is converted into a unique numerical code and compared with previously stored data. If the codes match, the identity is confirmed.

Data Capture and Storage

During first use, the biometric data is captured and stored as a reference. Modern systems use encryption to protect this sensitive information.

Comparison Process

During each authentication, the current biometric data is compared with the reference data. Due to natural variations, similarity is checked rather than absolute equality.

What Advantages and Challenges Does Biometric Authentication Offer?

Biometric authentication increases security and simplifies access to systems. However, it also brings challenges, particularly regarding data protection and potential biases in the algorithms used.

Advantages of Biometric Authentication

1. Higher security:
   Biometric characteristics are unique and difficult to forge, which reduces the risk of identity theft.
2. User-friendliness:
   No need to remember passwords; authentication is quick and uncomplicated.

Challenges and Security Risks

Data protection concerns are paramount, as biometric data cannot be changed if compromised. Additionally, physical changes or technical errors can make access difficult. Under the GDPR, biometric data is particularly worthy of protection if it is stored not locally but, for example, in the cloud. Penetration tests of biometric systems are mandatory here.

Biometric systems are not the holy grail - depending on how they are implemented, spoofing attacks, replay attacks, or data leaks can lead to attackers quickly bypassing this protection mechanism. However, biometric characteristics as a factor within 2FA or MFA always makes sense.